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汽車起重機變幅系統設計
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- 汽車起重機變幅系統設計
摘要
隨著經濟建設的飛速發展，我國的基礎建設力度正逐漸加大，道路交通，機場，港口，水利水電，市政建設等基礎設施的建設規模也越來越大，市場上汽車起重機的需求也隨之增加。汽車起重機變幅系統設計主要是變幅機構三鉸點的確定和變幅油缸尺寸的設計和計算以及其它輔助元件的選取。合理的確定變幅機構三鉸點對汽車起重機的整體設計非常的關鍵，它影響汽車起重機的吊臂和轉臺的機構形式以及液壓缸的參數選擇，對汽車起重機的穩定性也至關重要。本文主要通過作圖與計算相結合的方式尋找鉸點最佳的位置，選取最佳鉸點方案。變幅油缸的設計主要是依照《新編液壓工程手冊》和參考中聯重科35 噸汽車起重機的變幅油缸。
關鍵詞：35 噸汽車起重機；變幅機構三鉸點；變幅機構；變幅油缸
Abstract
With the rapid development of economic construction, China is gradually increasing theintensity of infrastructure, road transport, airports, ports, water utilities, municipal
construction and other infrastructure are becoming ever larger, the market demand for carswith cranesthe increase.Truck Crane luffing system is mainly three nodes of the cylinder sizeand amplitude to determine the design and calculation, and otherauxiliarycomponentsselected.Reasonable to determine luffing crane three nodes on the car's overall design is the key, it affects the truck crane boom and turntable body form and parameters of hydrauliccylinder on the crane's stability is crucial.In this paper, drawing and calculation by combiningthe best way to find the location of hinge points, select the best program hinge point.Luffingcylinder design is mainly in accordance with the "New Hydraulic Engineering Handbook"and the reference Zoomlion 35 tons truck crane luffing cylinder.
Key words：35 tons truck crane；Luffing three nodes；Luffing；Luffing cylinder
1.緒論............................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 課題背景及目的............................................................................................................... 1
1.2 國內外研究狀況.............................................................................................................. 1
1.2.1 國內汽車起重機發展趨勢................................................................................... 1
1.2.2 國外汽車起重機發展趨勢................................................................................... 2
1.3 課題研究方法.................................................................................................................. 4
2.液變幅系統方案確定................................................................................................................. 5
2.1 變幅機構布置形式確定..................................................................................................5
2.2 變幅機構液壓回路方案確定......................................................................................... 5
3.變幅機構三鉸點確定................................................................................................................. 7
3.1 變幅機構受力分析..........................................................................................................7
3.2 變幅機構三鉸點合理幾何形狀的分析.........................................................................8
3.3 變幅機構三鉸點幾何三角形的確定............................................................................11
4.變幅油缸的設計與計算........................................................................................................... 12
4.1 變幅油缸推力計算........................................................................................................12
4.2 變幅油缸性能參數的確定........................................................................................... 13
4.2.1 變幅油缸壓力的選取......................................................................................... 13
4.2.2 變幅油缸缸徑D 的確定..................................................................................... 14
4.2.3 變幅油缸負載率的計算..................................................................................... 14
4.2.4 變幅油缸活塞桿直徑d 確定.............................................................................15
4.2.5 活塞桿理論拉力和推力計算.............................................................................15
4.2.6 變幅油缸活塞桿行程確定................................................................................. 16
4.2.7 變幅系統液壓泵流量確定................................................................................. 16
5.液壓缸主要零部件設計........................................................................................................... 18
5.1 液壓缸缸筒.................................................................................................................... 18
5.1.1 液壓缸筒與端蓋的連接.................................................................................... 18
5.1.2 缸筒壁厚的計算..................................................................................................18
汽車起重機變幅系統設計
5.1.3 缸壁厚度的驗算..................................................................................................20
5.1.4 缸筒底部厚度的計算......................................................................................... 21
5.1.5 缸筒加工要求......................................................................................................22
5.2 活塞的設計計算............................................................................................................ 22
5.2.1 活塞的結構形式..................................................................................................22
5.2.2 活塞的密封.......................................................................................................... 23
5.2.3 活塞的材料.......................................................................................................... 24
5.2.4 活塞的加工要求..................................................................................................24
5.3 活塞桿的設計計算........................................................................................................24
5.3.1 活塞桿的結構......................................................................................................24
5.3.2 活塞桿強度計算..................................................................................................25
5.3.3 活塞桿彎曲穩定性驗算..................................................................................... 25
5.3.4 活塞桿加工要求..................................................................................................26
5.4 活塞的導向環................................................................................................................. 26
5.4.1 導向環的優點......................................................................................................26
5.4.2 活塞導向環的型式............................................................................................. 27
5.4.3 導向環尺寸計算..................................................................................................27
5.5 活塞桿的導向、密封和防塵....................................................................................... 28
5.5.1 活塞桿的導向......................................................................................................28
5.5.2 活塞桿的防塵和密封......................................................................................... 28
5.6 緩沖裝置.........................................................................................................................29
5.7 進、出油口尺寸............................................................................................................ 30
5.8 安裝連接元件的確定....................................................................................................30
5.8.1 耳環...................................................................................................................... 30
5.8.2 耳環的軸套.......................................................................................................... 30
6.變幅系統中其它元件的選取...................................................................................................31
6.1 變幅油路參數計算.........................................................................................................31
6.1.1 液壓泵流量.........................................................................................................31
6.1.2 液壓泵額定壓力.................................................................................................31
6.2 液壓泵的選取................................................................................................................ 31
汽車起重機變幅系統設計
6.3 平衡閥.............................................................................................................................31
6.4 油路的通徑..................................................................................................................... 32
6.5 濾油器的選擇................................................................................................................. 32
7.結論........................................................................................................................................... 33
參考文獻....................................................................................................................................... 34
致謝............................................................................................................................................... 35
附件A 開題報告
附件B 英文原文及中文翻譯
變幅機構布置形式確定
全液壓汽車起重機的變幅機構使用液壓缸來驅動動臂變幅。液壓缸的布置形式有三種，分別是前傾式、后傾式和后拉式。
前傾式如圖2.1 所示。因液壓缸前傾，其對動臂作用力臂較長，變幅缸的推力可以較小些，故缸徑較小。因臂的懸臂長度較短，對臂受力有利。但也有液壓缸行程較長，臂下方空間較小的缺點。大多數全液壓汽車起重機都采用此布置形式[2]。前傾式變幅機構可以采用一個油缸也可采用兩個油缸。本次變幅系統方案確定為前傾式變幅機構，采用一個變幅油缸。液壓缸采用雙作用
液壓缸。 ...
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