BH135柴油機(jī)活塞的設(shè)計(jì)與分析技術(shù)論文
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- BH135柴油機(jī)活塞的設(shè)計(jì)與分析技術(shù)論文
中文摘要
科技進(jìn)步推動(dòng)了內(nèi)燃機(jī)行業(yè)的持續(xù)發(fā)展，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的強(qiáng)化指標(biāo)逐漸提高，活塞及其組件所受的機(jī)械負(fù)荷與熱符合也越來越高，它們的設(shè)計(jì)是否合理，將直接關(guān)系到內(nèi)燃機(jī)的可靠性、壽命、排放、經(jīng)濟(jì)性等。因此在已有條件下，通過真實(shí)有效地計(jì)算分析，得出有益的解決方案成為目前內(nèi)燃機(jī)行業(yè)的首選課題。
內(nèi)燃機(jī)嚴(yán)酷的內(nèi)部溫度環(huán)境和負(fù)荷條件使得傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)很難取得令人滿意的效果，為確保設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)、為了適應(yīng)不斷增長的高壓環(huán)境和提高產(chǎn)品的強(qiáng)度和耐久性要求以及設(shè)計(jì)中的壽命要求，需要采用先進(jìn)的設(shè)計(jì)和分析手段，科學(xué)的分析活塞的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)活塞壽命以及工作的可靠性的影響，設(shè)計(jì)品質(zhì)優(yōu)良的活塞，從而使內(nèi)燃機(jī)更好地工作。
本文把計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程建模仿真技術(shù)應(yīng)用到活塞結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及校核的實(shí)例領(lǐng)域，通過三維建模和有限元分析方法，為活塞建立了合適的數(shù)字模型，從而預(yù)估產(chǎn)品的強(qiáng)度負(fù)荷及壽命水平等，提高其設(shè)計(jì)效率和科學(xué)性。本文還描述了柴油機(jī)活塞的設(shè)計(jì)方法和過程，并通過對(duì)BH135柴油機(jī)活塞的三維建模和有限元分析的實(shí)例應(yīng)用體現(xiàn)出計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程技術(shù)在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)初期的優(yōu)越性：即一方面建立一種基本的計(jì)算機(jī)分析模型，對(duì)其進(jìn)行仿真模擬，從而指導(dǎo)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)；另一方面以此為虛擬分析平臺(tái)并提供一些規(guī)范化或經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的建模參考，同時(shí)也為提高企業(yè)在技術(shù)上的自主開發(fā)及創(chuàng)新能力而奠定基礎(chǔ)。
關(guān)鍵詞：內(nèi)燃機(jī)；活塞設(shè)計(jì)；有限元分析；
Abstract
The development of science technology forced the industry of internal-combustion engine to develop, the strength target of engine was gradually heightened, the mechanical and thermal load of piston and subassembly of piston was higher and higher. Whether their design were in reason, related to the reliability、natural life、let 、economy and so on. Therefore, with own conditions, through true and effective calculation and analysis, getting useful project becomes the most important task of the industry of internal-combustion engine.
In severe environment of the internal thermal and mechanical load, the experiment is difficult to get approving effect. For the sake of realization of design target, adapting increasing high pressure, improving strength、wear and natural life of product, needing to adopt advanced design and analysis measure, analyzing construct of piston is good for piston reliability and natural life. Designing piston with excellent quality improves engine to work better. The simulation method of CAE will be applied to the design and check field of piston structures in this article. Through the numeric analysis and FEM, the strength and fatigue life level etc, are estimated for the subassembly. The article describes the design method and process of diesel engine piston. The theory research and engineering application, show the superiority of CAE to product design: one is instructing the design through the computer analysis model; the other is to provide a modeling reference to virtual platform, and to promote the self-exploitation ability for the enterprise.
Key words: Internal-combustion engine; Piston design; Finite element analysis;
目錄
中文摘要
英文摘要
1．緒論
2．設(shè)計(jì)要求
3. 活塞的基本設(shè)計(jì)
3 .1 活塞的選型
3. 2 活塞的主要尺寸
3.21 活塞的高度H
3.22 壓縮高度H1
3.23 頂岸高度h
3.24 活塞環(huán)的數(shù)目及排列
3.25 環(huán)槽尺寸
3.26 環(huán)岸高度
3.27 活塞頂厚度
3.28 裙部長度H2
3.29 裙部厚度
3.10 活塞銷直徑d和銷座間隔B
3.3 活塞頭部設(shè)計(jì)
3.4 活塞的裙部設(shè)計(jì)
3.5 活塞銷座的設(shè)計(jì)
3.6 活塞與缸套的配合間隙
3.7 活塞大體尺寸
設(shè)計(jì)要求
本次的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)主要設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)如下表：
List of requirements for truck piston
NO. Name 名稱 Data 數(shù)據(jù)
1 Cyl diameter 缸徑 [mm] 90
2 Stroke 沖程 [mm] 115
3 Number of cylinder 汽缸數(shù) 4
4 Rated power 額定功率 [kW] 12300
5 Max. torque 最大轉(zhuǎn)矩 [Nm] 910
6 Speed at max. torque
最大轉(zhuǎn)矩時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)速[1/min] ≤1500
7 Design speed 設(shè)計(jì)轉(zhuǎn)速 [1/min]
8 Rated speed 額定轉(zhuǎn)速 [1/min]
9 Design peak pressure
最大爆發(fā)壓力 [Mpa] 15.8
10 Compression ratio 壓縮比 17.5
11 Number of valves/Cyl.
每缸氣閥數(shù)
12 Conrod length 連桿長度 [mm] 210
13 Conrod width 連桿寬度 [mm]
14 Keyst. Angle of conrod 連桿錐度
15 Conrod guidance 連桿導(dǎo)向
16 Cyl. Block material 缸體材料
17 Cyl. Bushing 缸套類型
18 Cyl. Surf 缸壁涂層
19 Cyl.-distance 汽缸孔距 [mm]
20 Cyl. Block height 汽缸高度 [mm]
21 Honing structure 珩磨方式
22 Piston cooling 活塞冷卻 內(nèi)冷
23 Piston cooling oil flow活塞冷卻油流量[1/min]
24 Top land height 火力岸高度 [mm]
25 Compression height 壓縮高度 [mm]
26 Boss spacing 銷孔間距 [mm]
27 Groove cover 環(huán)槽表面處理
28 Shape of groove 1st 第一環(huán)槽形狀
29 1st groove height 第一環(huán)槽高度 [mm] 2.68
30 2nd groove height第二環(huán)槽高度 [mm] 2
31 3rd groove height 第三環(huán)槽高度 [mm] 3
32 Bowlcover 燃燒室表面處理
33 Piston surface 活塞表面處理
34 Consur. of engine 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)
35 1st applic. 應(yīng)用范圍一
36 2nd applic. 應(yīng)用范圍二
37 Combustion 燃料 柴油
38 Air charge 進(jìn)氣方式 TCI
39 Engine cooling 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷卻方式 水冷
40 Intercooler 增壓氣體冷卻器 空~空
41 Injection 燃油噴射方式 直噴
42 Injection pressure 噴射壓力 [Mpa] 100~110
43 Injection angle 噴射角度 [degree] 142°
44 Number of spray holes 噴孔數(shù) 5
45 Total displacement總排量 [dm3] 7.26
46 Displacement/Cyl. 每缸排量 [dm3] 1.209
47 Spec.power output升功率 [kW] 31.833
48 Stroke/conrod radio 沖程/連桿比
49 Mean piston speed 活塞平均速度[m/s]
50 Mean eff.press at max. torq
最大轉(zhuǎn)矩時(shí)的平均壓力 [Mpa]
51 Charge air pressure 進(jìn)氣增壓
52 Charge air temp.before CAC
增壓氣體冷卻前溫度 [℃]
53 In-/outlet oil temp.進(jìn)/出油溫 [℃] 95/105
54 In-/outlet water temp.進(jìn)/出水溫 [℃] 80/90
55 Support 銷座
56 Pin outer diameter 活塞銷外徑 [mm]
57 Pin inner diameter 活塞銷內(nèi)徑 [mm]
58 Pin length活塞銷長度 [mm]
59 Pin support 活塞銷軸向定位方式
60 Pin boss 活塞銷孔形狀 ...
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